LM3 sex uncertain but cranial traits female-like despite robust postcrania, rejecting gracile-robust populations.
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Thorne claims LM3 gracile male from East Asian forms 60kya. Robust Kow Swamp traces to Javan Homo erectus. LM3 gracile-robust divide ignores sex dimorphism and cranial deformation. LM3 mandible scores barely male by unreliable method. Hand position over penis not male-specific burial practice. LM3 supraorbitals weakly developed outside male range. LM3 femur head 48mm tops Holocene males but fits Pleistocene size. LM3 ulna indicates 170cm stature average for Holocene males short for Pleistocene. Discriminant function places LM3 in Holocene female range above male mean. Versus Coobool Creek LM3 at female top male bottom. LM3 frontal curvature and no ridge decidedly feminine. LM3 cranial vault not thin as claimed. No statistical support for LM3 Asian gracile affinities. Gracile LM3 older than robust Kow Swamp undermines multiregional model. Pleistocene Australians homogeneous larger than Holocene. Robust traits size-linked more male-expressed.

Australia Aborigines Evolution Homo Erectus Homo Sapiens Hominids Science Northeast Asia

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