Modern humans diverged from Neanderthal-Denisovan ancestors 500-700kya. Neanderthals split into eastern and western populations with low diversity from expansions and replacements. Denisovans formed northern and southern lineages with higher diversity. Main Out-of-Africa migration 70-60kya gave all non-Africans Neanderthal DNA. Oceanians carry 2-3.5% Denisovan ancestry from East Asian admixture. Basal Eurasians diverged pre-Neanderthal admixture and diluted it in West Eurasia-South Asia. Neanderthals and Denisovans interbred producing first-generation hybrid 50kya. Sima de los Huesos 430kya individuals ancestral to Neanderthals but with Denisovan-like mtDNA replaced by African human gene flow. Denisova 5 Altai Neanderthal inbred from half-sibling parents with 3.7% early modern human DNA. Denisova 11 first-generation Denisovan-Neanderthal hybrid from turnover in Altai Neanderthals. Late Neanderthals show small population sizes, inbreeding, low heterozygosity. Non-Africans trace to Neanderthals closer to western Vindija than eastern Altai lineages. Basal East Asians like Tianyuan replaced by later groups post-LGM. Early African hunter-gatherers diverged 200kya with Khoisan carrying deepest human lineages. Zlatý kůň-Ranis group pre-dates East-West Eurasian split with consanguinity. Bacho Kiro IUP carried 3-3.8% Neanderthal from recent admixture and links to East Asians. Oase 1 had 6-9% Neanderthal from ancestor 4-6 generations prior. Sub-Saharan Africans lack Neanderthal-Denisovan admixture distinguishing them genetically from Eurasians.