Poland's life expectancy is 78.4 years in 2023. Polish men reach 74.6 years. Polish women reach 82.1 years. Sex gap nears 8 years. Men get under 10 retirement years after age 65. Women get over 22 retirement years after age 60. Largest EU sex gaps in Latvia at 10.1 years, Lithuania 9.0 years, Estonia 8.8 years. Smallest gaps in Netherlands 3.0 years, Sweden and Luxembourg 3.3 years. Only five EU countries below Poland: Slovakia 77.6, Lithuania 77.6, Hungary 76.7, Romania 76.4, Bulgaria 75.8. EU average is 81.4 years. EU women average 84.0 years, men 78.7 years. Liechtenstein leads at 84.6 years overall. Liechtenstein men 82.4 years, women 86.9 years. Switzerland second at 84.3 years. Spain third at 84.0 years. Italy 83.5 years, Luxembourg 83.4 years. EU life expectancy rebounded post-COVID to 2023 levels. Most EU deaths in over-65s from circulatory diseases. Under-65 deaths mostly from cancer.