Homo sapiens evolved from several African populations, not one. Earliest genetic split occurred 120-135 thousand years ago after prolonged mixing of weakly differentiated populations. Gene flow continued between parent and offshoot populations. Model explains 1-4% human genetic diversity without archaic hominins like Homo naledi. Nama genomes show extreme diversity among modern groups. Previous models wrongly assumed archaic admixture. Non-Africans carry 1-2% Neanderthal DNA. Collectively, modern humans represent 40% of Neanderthal genome. Denisovans evolved separately from Neanderthals and sapiens. Neanderthals and Denisovans had small inbred populations. Expanding sapiens outcompeted archaic hominins. Archaic genes influence modern human physiology and phenotypes. African genetic data mismatches fossil records of single-origin models.