Skull found in Romanian cave dates to Upper Paleolithic 33,000 years ago. Two fractures: linear break at skull base then depressed fracture on right vault. Fractures from deliberate two-hit attack with club-like tool. Attack face-to-face by left-handed assailant. Injuries instantly fatal and intentional. Not from fall, accident, or post-mortem damage. Simulations used synthetic bone models dropped, struck with stone or club. CT scans analyzed bone chips and deformations. Cro-Magnon physically and mentally matched modern humans. Period saw advanced flintworking, bone tools, building, hunting, and art.