Prior studies claiming Black violent crime decline ignored Hispanic growth confounding UCR and NCVS data. Hispanics classified mostly as White in national data hide true Black-White disparities. Hispanic violence rates higher than Whites but lower than Blacks. California-New York data show Hispanic arrest shares rising sharply since 1980 while Black shares stable. Adjusting national data with CA-NY correction factors eliminates apparent Black decline. Black percentage of UCR violent arrests constant at high levels post-adjustment. NCVS victim reports confirm no drop in Black offender share after Hispanic correction. Black-White arrest ratios for homicide, rape, robbery, assault show no convergence. Arrest-incarceration racial imbalances small and stable across violent crimes. Black prison share matches adjusted arrest share, no evidence of discrimination. Black social mobility stalled or reversed since 1980s despite some middle-class gains. Over 70% of Black children from poor neighborhoods stay poor as adults versus 7% Whites. Black-White gaps persist in segregation, family structure, wealth, school quality. Hispanic progress in jobs, intermarriage outpaces Blacks. Black underclass remains hypersegregated with communal ties weaker than Hispanics.