China added 78 GW record coal capacity in 2025—more than India's entire prior decade—while coal generation dropped 1%.
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China launched over 50 large coal blocks in 2025. New coal capacity hit 78 GW, highest in a decade. This exceeds India's net coal additions from 2015-2024. Coal generation share fell 1% despite capacity boom. Renewables covered 94% of electricity demand growth. New coal plants are inflexible 1 GW+ baseload units unfit for variable wind and solar. Coal fleet utilization averaged 51% last decade but may drop to 42%. Boom stems from 2022-2023 approvals after 2021-2022 energy crisis. China prioritizes energy security over foreign fuels. Large coal blocks numbered 52 units over 1 GW in 2025 versus under 20 annually prior. Coal production stagnates as OZE and storage absorb 5% annual demand rise. New plants risk underutilization at 3695 hours yearly. China's coal fleet is world's largest after India. Policy adds stable high-efficiency coal mismatched to RE-dominated grid.

Coal Northeast Asia South Asia Energetics Ecology Economy Global warming

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