Mammoth tusk beads at Mezmaiskaya indicate rare contacts with unrelated Russian Plain groups. Obsidian artifacts came recurrently from two remote North-central and South Caucasus sources. Obsidian transport confirms cultural similarity across North and South Caucasus UP industries. Black Sea marine shells reached Mezmaiskaya via obsidian network paths. Azurite sandstone pebble arrived from remote areas along exchange routes. No local mammoth hunting or tusk artifacts in NW Caucasus UP sites. UP population density increased with larger groups and changed mobility. Long-distance raw material transport evidences complex social networks before LGM. Caucasus UP differs from European Aurignacian or Gravettian industries. Obsidian arrived mostly as semi-finished bladelets via intermediary exchange. UP microblade technology dominates North and South Caucasus assemblages. Contacts involved utilitarian obsidian and non-utilitarian shells and pebbles. Networks outline borders of shared Caucasus UP cultural area. Palaeogenomic data supports mating interactions in large-scale networks. Russian Plain nonlocal materials moved via specialized trade networks.