Refugees lag half standard deviation behind Danish average after 7 years with no further closure. Second-generation non-Western immigrants lag substantially behind natives and match Western descendants poorly. Third-generation non-Western immigrants show no improvement over second generation. Western immigrants' descendants perform like Danish natives. Gaps largest in Danish and smallest in math due to language. Immigrant performance strongly tracks origin country human capital across generations. No evidence of further assimilation beyond second generation. Non-Western gaps persist despite native language and schools. Grade inflation masks any minor narrowing over time. Origin differences transmit intergenerationally explaining persistent gaps.
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