Patrilineal descent exclusively governed burials in Early Neolithic British tomb.
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35 individuals from Hazleton North tomb include 27 forming five-generation pedigree. All 15 intergenerational transmissions occurred through males. Lineage men reproduced with women from outside but adult lineage daughters absent. Virilocal burial and female exogamy evident. One male progenitor fathered children with four women. Descendants of two maternal sub-lineages buried in same tomb half across generations. Maternal sub-lineages grouped into distinct branches during tomb construction. Four men descended from non-lineage fathers but integrated via lineage mothers. Some men adopted partners' children by other men into patriline. Eight individuals unrelated biologically to main lineage. Kinship included social bonds beyond biology. Patrilineal bias invisible without ancient DNA. Tomb chambers segregated by maternal sub-lineages. No close female lineage transmission to adulthood in tomb. Progeny placement recognized maternal lines despite patriliny.

United Kingdom Europe and the EU Antiquity Genetics Science

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