Employers must obtain work permits for non-EU foreigners before hiring. Non-EU workers need visas or residence cards authorizing work. Work permit types A-E and S cover specific jobs like contracts, management, delegations, and seasonal labor. EU citizens need no work permits but must register stays over 3 months. Ukrainians comprise 83% of Poland's 1.13 million foreign workers. Foreigners fill shortages in construction, production, transport, agriculture, cleaning, gastronomy, and retail. Illegal hiring incurs fines from 1,000 to 30,000 PLN per worker. Employers must store copies of foreigners' stay documents throughout employment. Non-EU hires require ZUS insurance registration within 7 days. Ukrainians benefit from simplified rules post-2022 invasion. Seasonal work permits last up to 9 months. Work permits A valid up to 3 years, B up to 5 years for large firms. Certain refugees, students, and Polish spouses exempt from work permits. Changes in job or contract require notifying authorities. Exploitation or profiting from illegal work draws higher fines. Foreigners barred from work on tourist visas. Sectors like building and factories rely on foreigners for physical labor Poles avoid.