Shulgan-Tash Cave contains over 190 Upper Paleolithic rock paintings mostly in poor preservation. Paintings dated 14,500-36,400 years old via uranium-thorium on calcite. Radiocarbon dates cultural layers to 16,300-19,600 years ago. Features only known prehistoric two-humped camel painting. Images of mammoths, horses, rhinoceroses, bison made with red ochre and charcoal outlines. Discovery in 1959 extended Paleolithic art range beyond France and Spain. Cro-Magnons created upper tier drawings in Late Paleolithic. Lower tier hosts later Ice Age end images sized 44-112 cm. Artifacts include flint tools, ochre, beads, Ice Age animal bones, fire remnants, clay lamp. Cultural layer dated around 14,000 BCE with open fire use. Cave spans 3 km with halls, underground river, lakes up to 165 m deep. Paintings in Hall of Drawings and Hall of Chaos cleaned of calcite crust. Geometric signs and single human-like figure present. Bashkir legends link cave to underworld king Shulgen and rituals. Added to World Heritage List in 2025.