Banpo site dates to 4700-3600 BC in Yellow River valley. Settlement covered 5-6 hectares surrounded by 5-6 meter wide moat. Houses were circular, mud-and-wood on low foundations with thatched roofs. Many houses semi-subterranean with floors 1 meter below ground. 174 adult and 73 child burials excavated. Infants buried in large redware jars near settlement. Adults buried in 2-meter deep pits with pottery. Lavish child burial included wooden tomb, pottery, jade jewelry, and stone toys indicating stratification. Over 500,000 potsherds and 1,000 reassembled vessels found. Pottery categories: serving, water, cooking, storage. Amphorae used for beer brewing per residue analysis. First Chinese use of potter's wheel and pottery kilns at Banpo. Designs featured geometric patterns, fish, human heads. Fish motifs most common, evolving to complex chains. Pottery red exterior with black interior designs from pyrolusite. Similar motifs to Siberian Afanasievo and Okunev cultures. Yangshao pottery spread west to Xinjiang and Central Asia. Earlier matriarchal claims contradicted by new research.