Early Tarim mummies from 2100-1700 BCE have 72% ANE from Afontova Gora and 28% Ancient Northeast Asian ancestry. They represent best Holocene proxy for pre-pastoralist ANE hunter-gatherers of Siberia. No detectable Western Steppe, Afanasievo, Andronovo, or BMAC ancestry in earliest group. Genetically isolated local population adopted pastoralism without migrant genes. Physical traits Proto-Europoid with red, blond, brown hair and Caucasian features. Craniometrics form distinct cluster separate from Steppe pastoralists, BMAC, or East Asians. Xiaohe mummies show 92% males with Y-DNA R1a1a-M198 common in India and Eastern Europe. mtDNA includes West Eurasian H, K, U5, U7 and East/Siberian C4, C5. Later Bronze Age western Tarim has Sintashta-Andronovo descent with 12% Tarim_EMBA. Iron Age eastern mummies include first Mongoloid appearances alongside Europoids. No Steppe contribution to early Tarim despite artifact similarities. Tarim_EMBA closest to Altai Middle Holocene hunter-gatherers. Modern Tajiks show highest affinity to Tarim_EMBA among Central Asians. Rouzhi and Tocharians linked to Caucasian types entering Tarim. Early settlers exclusively Caucasoid for first 1000 years post-2000 BCE. East Asians appear only ~3000 years ago in eastern Tarim. Mummies display advanced European-style twill textiles and tattoos. Y-DNA R1b-PH155 in some early samples. Late Bronze Age nearly all R-M17 Y-haplogroup.