Evidence shows modern humans migrated from Africa to Southeast Asia by 60,000 years ago. Partial skull from Tam Pa Ling cave in northern Laos fills fossil record gap. Skull is anatomically modern human, not Neanderthal or extinct lineage. Cave located 3,840 feet above sea level in Hua Pan Province. Stratigraphy includes clay layers and calcitic floors dated by carbon-14 and other methods. Skull parts include frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, and maxillae bones. Teeth shape confirms modern human morphology. Fossil designated TPL 1. Discovery provides oldest skeletal evidence of modern humans in Asia. Cave frequented by monkeys amid papaya and banana trees. Excavations in undisturbed layers confirm context.