Wheel of the Year is mid-20th-century neopagan invention merging Celtic fire festivals with solar events.
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Wheel of the Year cycles eight seasonal festivals marking solstices, equinoxes, and midpoints. British neopagans like Gardner and Nichols popularized it during 20th-century naturist retreat. Combines Anglo-Saxon solar quarter days with Insular Celtic cross-quarter days. Festivals include Yule, Imbolc, Ostara, Beltane, Litha, Lughnasadh, Mabon, Samhain. No unified ancient Celtic year-cycle – modern misconception from Graves. Wiccans call festivals sabbats tied to God-Goddess marriage and death-rebirth. Neo-druids use names like Alban Arthan, Alban Eilir, Alban Hefin, Alban Elfed. Heathens add hero remembrance days to Wheel framework. Slavic myths link seasonal change to Perun-Veles cosmic battle and Jarilo-Morana cycle. Modern pagans avoid animal sacrifice, using grains, herbs, milk instead. Southern hemisphere pagans shift dates six months for local seasons. Festivals feature communal outdoor gatherings, offerings, feasting, evergreens at Yule. Color associations vary: black for Samhain, red for Beltane, gold for Imbolc. Early Wicca named only Celtic festivals – Kelly added Litha, Ostara, Mabon in 1970s.

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