Cro-Magnons entered Europe 56,800 years ago from Western Asia. They interbred with Neanderthals whose genes later selected out. Cro-Magnons had larger brains averaging 1,514 cc versus modern 1,350 cc. They were taller and more robust than modern humans pre-LGM. Earliest Cro-Magnons showed Neanderthal-like traits like occipital buns that diminished over time. They had darker skin than modern Europeans initially. Cro-Magnons had higher populations than Neanderthals due to higher fertility. Aurignacian culture replaced Neanderthal Mousterian. Gravettian split into Solutrean and Epi-Gravettian during LGM. Magdalenian recolonized Europe post-LGM. Cro-Magnons hunted big game with spears and spear-throwers. They created cave art, Venus figurines, and bone flutes. Genetic lineages from ~37kya founder population isolated Europe until 14kya. Early Cro-Magnon lineages mostly extinct without modern ancestry. WHG ancestry from Upper Paleolithic Cro-Magnons forms 40-60% of modern Europeans. Neanderthal admixture 6-9% in some but faded from gene pool. Cro-Magnons built mammoth bone huts and traded over 900km. Post-LGM they shifted to broad spectrum hunting due to megafauna scarcity. Y-haplogroups C1 to IJ, mtDNA N, R, U in Cro-Magnons. Epigravettian replaced Magdalenian contributing to WHG.