Late Pleistocene human remains from Kow Swamp display archaic cranial features. Archaic features suggest Homo erectus survival in Australia. Survival lasted until as recently as 10,000 years ago. Remains linked to Australian Aboriginal prehistory studies. Discoveries reported by Thorne and Macumber in 1972 Nature paper. Features contradict recent full replacement by modern humans. Supports persistence of erectus traits in Australian populations.