Kow Swamp crania have high vaults unlike H. erectus. Parietal curvature much greater than H. erectus. Occipitals match modern Aboriginal morphology. Supraorbital region nothing like H. erectus. Basal vault bone not thickened. Maximum cranial breadth high on parietals. Late Pleistocene Australians 8% larger and more robust than moderns. Receding foreheads caused by cranial deformation. Deformation signs absent in H. erectus. Resemble H. erectus only in large teeth traits. Most Lubenow H. erectus criteria fail for Kow Swamp skulls. All features distinguishing modern Aboriginals from H. erectus apply to Pleistocene Australians.