Kow Swamp crania have high vaults unlike H. erectus. Deformed skulls show greatest parietal curvature exceeding H. erectus. Occipitals match modern Aboriginal morphology without H. erectus torus angle. Maximum cranial breadth sits high on parietals unlike H. erectus. Supraorbital regions differ sharply from H. erectus especially laterally. Vault bone lacks H. erectus thickening. Late Pleistocene Australians were 8% larger and more robust than contemporaries. Receding foreheads result from cranial deformation absent in H. erectus. Larger teeth cause superficial resemblances to H. erectus in few traits. Kow Swamp skulls fall outside H. erectus range overall. Most Lubenow criteria fail to match Australian skulls to H. erectus. All features distinguishing modern Aboriginals from H. erectus apply to terminal Pleistocene Australians.