Kow Swamp type fossils from 10-30k years ago display archaic Homo erectus features like low broad skulls and brow ridges. Modern Australian Aboriginals retain these primitive traits to varying degrees indicating direct descent. Two Pleistocene populations in Australia: older gracile modern-like at Lake Mungo, younger robust archaic Kow Swamp type. Solo Man late Homo erectus survived to 27k years ago in nearby Java coexisting with modern humans. Peter Brown downplays 16 Homo erectus traits in Kow Swamp fossils despite concessions on most. Kow Swamp crania average larger brains than modern Aboriginals yet fall in erectus range for smaller specimens. Features like occipital torus, postorbital constriction, and thick cranial walls match erectus closely. Artificial deformation theory fails to explain all archaic resemblances. Aboriginal isolation preserved erectus-like gene flow possibly via hybridization or assimilation. Talgai skull matches Java erectus Sangiran 17. WLH50 matches Ngandong Solo erectus. Dismissal of fossils stems from political race implications. Archaic Caucasoid identities exist among contemporary Australian Aboriginals. Late erectus-sapiens interbreeding feasible via warfare or rape. Robust Australian fossils ignored since 1884 despite importance.