Constitutional convention explicitly aimed to establish white supremacy within federal limits. Provisions like literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses disenfranchised most African Americans. Thousands of poor whites also lost voting rights until 1965 Voting Rights Act. By 1941 more whites than blacks were disenfranchised numerically due to larger white population but blacks at higher rates. Constitution outlawed interracial marriage until 2000. Mandated segregated public schools struck down by Brown v. Board. Made raising taxes and local home rule nearly impossible centralizing power in rural white-dominated legislature. Ratified via fraud in Black Belt counties. Overwhelmingly passed in black-majority counties like Dallas (97%) and Hale (98%). Rejected in many white upcountry counties like Winston (30%). Bloated to 388k words with 977 amendments mostly for local counties. Ensured one-party Democratic rule for decades. Rural areas overrepresented in legislature for 60 years ignoring urban growth. Segregationist language persisted until 2022 rewrite. Women initially denied vote by explicit male-only clause. Disqualified idiots, insane, interracial marriages, sodomy convicts, vagrants from voting. Amendments obsessed with trivial local issues like bingo, catfish promotion, dead farm animals. Poll tax equivalent to $47 today disenfranchised poor. Home rule limited to few counties like Jefferson, Mobile. Tax code regressive and embedded in constitution blocking local changes.