US college students report higher self-talk frequency than Polish students across all STS subscales. US students score higher on total IDAS-R and most inner dialogue types than Polish students. Total STS and IDAS-R scores correlate 0.56 in Polish sample and 0.62 in US sample. Most STS-IDAS-R subscale correlations range 0.24-0.62 and are significant. Canonical correlations between STS and IDAS-R reach 0.64, explaining 41% variance. First canonical variate links all self-talk functions to nearly all inner dialogues as ''dialogical self-talk''. EFA yields four factors explaining 79% variance. Factor 1 captures adaptive inner dialogues excluding maladaptive and confronting types. Factor 2 groups social-assessment, self-management, and self-criticism self-talk. Factor 3 combines maladaptive and confronting dialogues as disruptive. Factor 4 isolates self-reinforcement self-talk. Self-talk and inner dialogues share 30-40% variance but remain distinct. Self-management self-talk is most frequent, self-reinforcement least. Social and spontaneous dialogues are most frequent, maladaptive and confronting least. Self-talk handles self-regulation, inner dialogues handle identity reflection. US-Polish differences may stem from age or culture.