Programming never women-dominated, female share rose to 37-40% peak in 1984 then sharply declined.
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Programming was mostly male in 1950s per SHARE archives with women steadily increasing. BLS data from 1970s shows women 15-25% rising to 40% by 1984 then dropping to 23% by 2006. Women in CS bachelor's peaked at 37% in 1984 then declined and stayed low in low 20s. CS uniquely saw women proportion drop after 1984 unlike all other 21 NSF-tracked STEM fields. Absolute IT jobs grew from 0.5M in 1970 to 5M in 2014 but women stayed ~25%. Software developers now 20.2% women vs 26.9% in broader computer/math occupations. Architecture/engineering only 16.7% women lower than programming. Shift in 1980s from corporate to Silicon Valley hacker culture correlated with female decline. Ensmenger's myth of women-dominated early programming debunked by data. Women flooded CS workforce in 1950s-1980s per archives contradicting takeover narrative. CS was vanguard for women in 1970s-80s then throwback with prolonged drop. Efforts to boost women in programming last 20 years produced little change. Programming like law/medicine initially low women but those reached parity unlike CS. Registered nurses 87% women with 3.4M jobs vs 2.1M software developers. National fixation on women in tech ignores worse imbalances elsewhere. Early ENIAC/JPL women contributions distinct from overall programming trends. Gendered division had male managers female clericals in early computing.

Women Men Technology Science USA Culture Male-female relations Demographics Feminism

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