Haplogroup S found exclusively among Indigenous Australians. Evolved within Australia 64,000-40,000 years ago. Descendant of macrohaplogroup N. TMRCA for S is 49-51 kya. S1 subclade aged 53-32 kya across Australia. S2 subclade aged 44-22 kya across Australia. Ancient S2b1c1 in Willandra Lakes 3,000 years ago. Samples from NSW, QLD, NT, WA, VIC, TAS. No S outside Indigenous Australians. Phylogenetic tree confirms Australian origin. Supports deep antiquity of Aboriginal population. Subclades like S1a1a in WA, QLD. S2b in Tasmania. S5 in Western Australia. S6 in NSW. All modern and ancient samples Indigenous Australian. No shared haplogroup S with other races. Demonstrates genetic isolation.