22 percent gap exists in 2:1 degrees between white and black students. 11 percent gap separates advantaged from disadvantaged students in 2:1 degrees. Gaps persist despite equal prior academic performance. Cambridge blames assessment practices for Black-British and Bangladeshi grade shortfalls. Traditional exams called threats to self-worth by Cambridge research. Oxford deploys diverse assessments to boost lower socio-economic grades. Open-book and take-home exams proposed as inclusive alternatives. OFS approves plans for Oxford, Cambridge, and Russell Group unis. Non-traditional assessments reduce gaps for ethnic minorities per research. Changes target poor students, mental health cases, and disabled. White middle-class students receive more firsts and 2:1s. Critics label plans dumbing-down and patronizing to minorities. Tories warn of undermining academic rigor. King's College London diversifies assessments for fairness. OFS demands robust courses despite exam changes.