Ögedei was third son of Genghis Khan elected khan in 1229 after Tolui regency. Captured Urganch in 1221 proving military skill amid brothers' quarrels. Launched second Persia invasion subduing Jalal al-Din and Georgia. Completed Jin dynasty conquest in 1234 with Song help then fought Song. Invaded Korea in 1231 forcing tribute and hostages by 1238. Sent Batu and Subutai to crush Kievan Rus', defeat Poland at Legnica, Hungary at Mohi in 1241. Armies penetrated deep into Europe but retreated after his death for succession. Founded Karakorum capital in 1235s with palaces, walls, multi-faith temples. Instituted tax collection, ortogh trade, paper currency, regional bureaucracies. Built yam post stations every 25 miles across empire. Proclaimed Great Yassa codifying laws and conduct. Had stocky build, red beard, hazel eyes unusual for beardless Mongols. Alcoholic died at 55 after drinking binge in 1241. Allegedly ordered rape of 4000 Oirat girls over seven for harem and brothels. Took multiple wives including Töregene and many concubines producing sons like Güyük. Appointed diverse administrators: Uyghurs, Khitans, Muslims, Christians. Conquered Eastern Xia, Water Tatars, subdued Transcaucasia by 1240. Invaded Tibet, India, Kashmir making them dependencies. Succeeded by son Güyük after Töregene regency.