World population totaled 579 million circa 1600. Ming Dynasty population ranged 60-150 million at 27.6% of world total. Mughal Empire population approximately 56 million at 19.9%. Holy Roman Empire population 27-34 million at 5.2%. Iberian Union population 28.7 million at 5.0%. Ottoman Empire population 22 million at 3.8%. Kingdom of France population 19 million at 3.3%. Kingdom of Morocco plus Pashalik of Timbuktu totaled 13 million at 2.3%. Tokugawa Japan population 12 million at 2.1%. Joseon Korea population 11.7 million at 2.0%. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth population about 10 million at 1.7%. Tsardom of Russia population 9 million at 1.6%. Habsburg Monarchy population 7.8 million at 1.3%. Safavid Iran population 5-10 million at 1.3%. England plus possessions population 5.6 million at 1.0%.