Tocharians spoke two mutually unintelligible Indo-European languages A and B in Xinjiang oases. Origins trace to Afanasievo culture as Yamnaya eastern offshoot around 3300 BC. Tarim mummies from 2000 BC show Caucasoid features with European sheep wool tartans. Genetic studies confirm Tarim mummies as isolated Ancient North Eurasians unrelated to Afanasievo. Dzungaria north of Tarim had 20-80% Yamnaya ancestry possibly Tocharian speakers. Tocharians depicted with red blonde hair blue green eyes long noses fair skin. Kucha kings titled Sons of God like Kushans. Adopted Buddhism with Sarvastivada Hinayana dominance. Intermixed with Uyghurs producing modern Uyghurs genetically. Tocharian languages extinct by 9th century under Uyghur Turkic rule. Chemurchek culture possibly Proto-Tocharian with Western Europe burial styles. Iranian Saka loanwords entered Tocharian for war commerce. Cities like Kucha Agni thrived as Silk Road hubs. Conquered by Xiongnu Han Kushans Hephthalites Turks Tang. Bai white prefixed to fair-skinned Kuchean kings names. Manuscripts show daily admin religious love poems in Tocharian B. Pre-Buddhist sun dawn goddess worship influenced Chinese. Paternal lineages all West Eurasian in Xiaohe Cemetery. Late Bronze Age western Tarim had Sintashta Andronovo descent. Tocharians unrelated to Bactrian Yuezhi Tokharians.