Sarazm dates from 3900-2100 BC with four occupation layers. Site spanned 90 hectares at peak. First proto-historical farming settlement in Central Asia. Most northeastern permanent agricultural site. Traded with Turkmenistan steppes, Aral Sea, Iranian Plateau, and Indus. Inhabitants farmed wheat and barley, herded cattle-sheep-goats for milk-wool-leather. Built irrigation from Zeravshan River. Mastered metallurgy producing daggers-awls-chisels-axes like Mesopotamia-Iran-Indus. Largest Central Asian metal exporter around 3000 BC. Mined turquoise-gold-silver-copper-tin-mercury locally. Peak economy in Sarazm III with population growth, wheel pottery, craft specialization. Multi-room houses, communal buildings, fortifications unearthed. Circular burials with pottery-beads. Inhabitants originated from southern Central-Southwest Asia. Genetically related to Eneolithic Turkmenistan sites Göksur-Qara-depe. Connected to Göksür culture via eastward migration. Produced ornate pottery with solar calendar motifs. Terracotta women-animal statuettes indicate magical beliefs. Altars held sacred fires.