Europe has no rare earth mines and relies on China's near-monopoly for defense, EVs, and green tech.
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Europe lacks rare earth metal mines. Environmental rules block mining and processing in Europe. China mines 60-70% of global rare earths. China controls 90% of rare earth processing and refining. China threatens export bans as leverage. Rare earth shortages halt Europe's green transformation. Germanium from China powers EV batteries. Rare earths build wind turbines and solar panels. No rare earths means no EV motors, smartphones, or laptops. Rare earths essential for military jets like F-35 using samar and yttrium from China. Ford factories shut down from Chinese rare earth export curbs. EU has zero operating rare earth mines. EU has only two major processing plants. Expanding processing faces huge EU regulatory costs. Europe took 20 years to become China-dependent. Fixing dependence will take another 20 years. West cannot wait a generation for rare earth independence.

Economy Europe and the EU Green Deal Technology Ecology Germany

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