Germany took 50 billion EUR of EU state aid in 2023, 27% of total. France grabbed 36 billion EUR, 20% of total. Italy received 21 billion EUR, 12% share. Poland got 11 billion EUR, only 6%, mostly for agriculture due to Ukraine war. Poland's 2022 share was just 2.8% versus Germany's 32%. Aid imbalance stems from national actions, not EU coordination. Environment and energy aid concentration hit HHI 2480 in 2023, highest in EU. New CISAF framework targets low-emission transition and risks deepening German-French dominance. TCTF aid saw Germany at 48% share in 2022-2023. Cross-border IPCEI projects approved 37 billion EUR for 335 initiatives across 22 states since 2018. Coordinating aid at EU level would curb subsidy race between members. Firms in low-capital markets struggle against state-backed rivals with cheap funding. Strengthening IPCEI encourages supply chains across EU states.