Study maps 57 homologous cell types in middle temporal gyrus across human, chimp, gorilla, macaque, marmoset. Orthologue expression patterns mostly conserved across primates. 24% of genes (3,383/14,131) show extensive expression differences between humans and non-human primates. Divergent genes enriched for synapse assembly, function, and glial cells. Nearly half of divergent expression limited to glial cell types. 139 genes exhibit conserved co-expression across non-human animals but strongly divergent in humans. These 139 genes evolve under relaxed selective constraints. Examples include NHEJ1 (DNA repair, positive selection in humans), GTF2H2 (transcription factor), C2 (immune, microglia), BBS5 (upregulated in human excitatory neurons and microglia). Divergent genes associated with intellectual disability, microcephaly, epilepsy, autism. Genes with human-specific divergence younger, shorter, higher GC content, more cell-type specific. Human-specific genes show higher tolerance to inactivation (higher LOEUF scores). Expression divergence often in single cell class across GABAergic, glutamatergic, non-neuronal cells. Co-expression conservation drops specifically in human lineage for these genes. Divergent genes linked to cortex-specific eQTLs. Bulk and single-cell networks confirm human-specific rewiring. Conserved co-expression spans metazoans for most genes.