Human brain shows two co-existing functional systems: segregation network for module specialization and integration network for information flow. Segregation network hubs in visual cortex, parietal cortex, temporoparietal area, and frontal cortex. Integration network includes insular cortex, anterior cingulate, temporal pole, and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Neuron projection genes overrepresented and positively correlated with integration areas. Synapse genes also linked to integration profile. Gene expression from Allen Human Brain Atlas matches connectome topology with FDR correction. dN/dS ratios reveal neuron projection conserved via positive selection in Homo sapiens lineage. Curve fit for neuron projection yields R2=0.86 across primate divergences. Synapse components show R2=0.85 with p<0.003. Permutation tests confirm neuron communication traits (p<0.001). Functional balance between segregation and integration reflects evolutionary brain adaptations. Neurite processes like axons and dendrites selectively conserved in humans. Human connectome differs from non-human primates due to these genetic traits. Divergences from marmoset (42.6 MYA) to chimp (8.8 MYA) track increasing selection on neuronal genes. No overlap between segregation and integration maps. Results replicated in independent fMRI sample.