East Asians have 12% longer Neanderthal fragments than West Eurasians due to 10-20% longer generation intervals over 40,000 years.
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Non-Africans share single Neanderthal admixture event with no extra East Asian pulse. East Asians average 88kb Neanderthal fragments versus 66kb in Middle Easterners. East Asians carry 32% more Neanderthal sequence than West Eurasians due to higher fragment frequencies. West Eurasians diluted Neanderthal ancestry via admixture with low-archaic Basal Eurasians. Longer East Asian fragments reflect slower recombination decay from longer generation times. West Eurasians accumulated 1.09% more derived alleles than East Asians since Out-of-Africa. Mutation spectra correlate with fragment lengths matching pedigree studies of parental age effects. East Asians show higher X-to-autosome mutation ratio indicating relatively older fathers. Americans show elevated maternal-age C>G mutations for similar fragment lengths. Generation differences explain over half of human mutation spectrum variation including West Eurasian TCC>TTC excess. Ancient genomes confirm longer fragments closer to admixture time. Recombination maps rule out landscape differences as cause. East-West fragment overlap covers 53-56% of archaic sequence ruling out private admixtures. Simulations confirm single pulse fits data better than dual pulses. Differences equate to 100-370 extra generations in West Eurasians assuming 29-year baseline.

Northeast Asia Homo Neanderthalensis Genetics Evolution Science

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