Earliest European modern humans genetically tied to East Asians, carried recent Neanderthal ancestry.
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Bacho Kiro Cave yielded genomes from three earliest Late Pleistocene Homo sapiens in Europe dated 45,930-42,580 years ago. These individuals relate closer to present-day East Asians and Native Americans than to later West Eurasians. They represent a previously unknown modern human migration pulse into Europe. All three had Neanderthal ancestors only a few generations back. Neanderthal mixing occurred commonly among first European modern humans. These humans associated with Initial Upper Paleolithic tools and artifacts. They show continuity to later Eurasian populations unlike some other early samples. Site evidences early Homo sapiens hunting large mammals with advanced butchery. Organic ornaments indicate symbolic behavior in these early Europeans. Genetic data supports early spread of modern humans into Europe over 45,000 years ago. Overlap with Neanderthals suggests frequent interbreeding.

Europe and the EU Northeast Asia North America Homo Sapiens Homo Neanderthalensis Genetics Evolution Science

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