Sangiran Java Homo erectus fossils from 800-500 ka show thick bones, robust jaws, small teeth for tough foods.
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Fossils discovered at Sangiran Java since 1936 by von Koenigswald. Over 100 hominin fossils found, mostly from Bapang formation 800-200 ka. Focus on gracile fossils above Grenzbank dated under 800 ka. Sangiran 17 is most complete skull with long low vault and sloped frontal. Thick straight supraorbital torus especially laterally. Marked postorbital constriction and high temporal lines. Greatest width at supermastoid crests. Cranial bones thicker than Homo sapiens especially parietals and base. Pronounced occipital torus for neck muscles. Strong facial prognathism with deep circular orbits. Robust deep zygomatic bone joining teeth row directly. Massive masticatory muscle attachments for tough foods. Upper teeth surprisingly small with minimal wear unlike expected for hunter-gatherers. Mandible robust but teeth small. Majority dated 800-500 ka attributed to Homo erectus. Recent 2020 uranium-lead dating confirms Grenzbank at 900-800 ka. Complex stratigraphy complicates precise dating. Many fossils found by local peasants in unclear contexts. Supports late persistence of Homo erectus in Southeast Asia.

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