Egypt is in Africa so Ancient Egyptians were Africans. Black means brown-skinned, not just sub-Saharan stereotypes. Some Ancient Egyptians were black with brown skin. Original humans were black – depigmentation genes spread later from 11,000-6,000 years ago. Nile Valley inhabitants 8,000 years ago were black. Upper Egypt darker-skinned than Lower Egypt due to less mixing. Ancient writers like Herodotus described Egyptians as black-skinned with woolly hair. Egyptians depicted themselves with dark brown skin in art. Nabta Playa shows sub-Saharan African origins for early Nile civilization. Ramses III had E1b1a haplogroup like sub-Saharan Africans. Predynastic skulls classified 24-36% Negroid. North Africa always had black Africans mixed with others. Civilization started in south Upper Egypt from black African sources. Libyan black mummy predates Egyptian ones with advanced mummification. Afro-Asiatic languages link to East African E1b1b origins. Recent DNA shows ancient Egyptians closer to Near Easterners but samples unrepresentative of whole Egypt. Modern Egyptians carry 40% E1b1b from East Africa.