STR Fst values low overall with 97.5 percentiles under 3% for subpopulations versus best-fit continental groups. European national groups have Fst under 1% relative to Caucasians. Latin America shows highest Fst within Caucasians due to non-European admixture. African mixed groups have lower Fst than nationals like Nigeria or Ghana relative to Afro-Caribbean database. Jamaicans fit Afro-Caribbean database closely due to large representation. Somalia genetically closer to Arabs than sub-Saharan Africans with 38% Eurasian ancestry. Kenya shows fringe affinity to Arabs indicating genetic influence. East Asians most differentiated from other continents. South Asians and East Asians have uniformly low Fst under 1%. Indirect ancestral Fst estimates lower than direct database comparisons. STRs yield half the Fst of ethnic-focused surveys due to national mixing and mutation homogenization. Forensic Fst of 3% generous for most cases favoring defendants. IC5 East Asians highest Fst versus other IC groups in inter-population comparisons. IC3 and IC6 lowest indirect Fst suggesting ancestral similarity to Northeast Africa. Fringe regions like Southern Europe and Afghanistan show smooth geographic allele clines.
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