Dinka originated in Gezira under Kingdom of Alodia with Nubian cultural ties. Damadim ancestors sacked Alodia capital Soba around 1220 destroying churches. Dinka migrated south from 13th century fleeing slave raids, droughts, conflicts. Dinka introduced drought-resistant caudatum sorghum enabling dominance over local tribes. Dinka brought humpbacked Sanga-Zebu cattle stronger for transhumance replacing humpless breeds. Superior crops and cattle gave Dinka military, political advantage causing population expansions. Dinka displaced Funj and absorbed other groups in South Sudan. Dinka fought Nuer over pastures and cattle raids. Dinka led SPLA civil war against Arab Khartoum government massacring thousands. Dinka president Salva Kiir fought Nuer civil war post-independence accused of power monopoly. Dinka height declined to 176 cm in 1990s refugees from undernutrition, conflicts. Dinka agro-pastoralists derive 87% calories from crops like sorghum. Cattle central to Dinka wealth, marriage, bridewealth. Dinka build religious pyramids from cattle dung honoring priests. Dinka produced tallest NBA players like Manute Bol at 231 cm. Dinka number 4.5 million, 40% of South Sudan largest group.