Mitochondrial D-loop and protein-coding data from Andaman museum specimens analyzed. Phenotypic similarities to African pygmoids are convergent not genetic. Genetic data favor Andamanese long-term isolation. Extensive population substructure exists. Two temporally distinct settlements likely. Early colonization bore mtDNA lineage M2. M2 signals early southern human movement through Asia. Victorian collections study extinct or admixed populations. Data reveal new early human origins insights. Andamanese genetics distinct from Africans despite pygmoid looks.