All Andaman samples carry Asian mtDNA haplogroup M ruling out African origin. Phenotypic similarities to African pygmies result from convergence not shared ancestry. Ancient DNA splits into older M2 lineage and younger M4 lineage. M2 coalesces at 63,000 years ago signaling early southern Asian colonization. Novel M2 haplotypes evolved in situ after settlement. M4 consistent with late Pleistocene expansions. Data supports two founding events or long-term substructure. Andamanese isolated for millennia with no recent admixture. Linguistic groups show no clear mtDNA haplotype link. High M2 frequency in Indian ethnic groups marks early autochthonous settlers. Negrito populations represent ancient Asian substratum predating later migrations. Victorian collections enable genetics of now-extinct groups. Early humans reached Andaman Islands by late Pleistocene via southern route. Genetic evidence matches social, cultural, linguistic isolation. M cline in India confirms southern colonization path.