Aboriginal ancestry links to landscape creation in Dreaming, matching archaeological evidence. Australian environments shaped diverse Aboriginal morphologies over 50,000 years. Biological basis of Aboriginal morphological diversity challenges palaeoanthropology. Archaeological record confirms Aboriginal origins external to Australasia. Multiple hominin species coexisted globally within last 100,000 years. Birdsell identifies trihybrid origin for Australian Aborigines. Thorne and Wolpoff assert regional continuity in Australasian Pleistocene hominid evolution. Kow Swamp fossils show robust archaic-like Aboriginal crania. Lake Mungo remains represent gracile early Australians. Aboriginal genomes reveal separate dispersals into Asia. Denisovan admixture present in Melanesian and Aboriginal populations. Neanderthal introgression found in non-African groups including Australians. Ancient Australian mtDNA supports early modern human settlement. Robust-gracile cline in Aborigines reflects microevolution. Multiregional admixture shaped modern Aboriginal immune systems.