Lake Mungo 3 cranium gracile unlike robust modern Indigenous Australians. LM3 mtDNA falls outside variation of modern and ancient Aboriginals supporting multiregional origins. LM1 represents world's oldest known cremation around 40,000 years old. LM3 buried with sophisticated ritual including red ochre and flexed position. Human occupation at Lake Mungo dates to 46,000-50,000 years ago. LM3 estimated height 170 cm taller than average modern Aboriginal male. 2001 DNA study shows LM3 sequence differences from European reference exceeding expectations. 2016 reanalysis questions LM3 DNA as possible modern European contamination. Consensus age for LM3 and LM1 is 40,000 years making second oldest modern human east of India. Remains repatriated and reburied blocking further research. LM3 morphology contrasts Pleistocene Australian males. Mungo layer rich in archaeology from 50,000-25,000 years ago with megafauna. Alkaline soil preserved remains from last ice age. Early dates challenged recent African origin model of 60,000 years ago. Thorne's 62,000-year estimate for LM3 rejected as stratum not older than 50,000 years. Gracile LM3 suggests population differences from modern Aboriginals.