Talgai cranium found in 1884 on Queensland station. Smith called vault modern Australian but face archaic like Piltdown forgery. Canines large but within modern Aboriginal range. Palate broad but typical of Pleistocene Australians. Postmortem compression distorted low vault and forehead. Extreme molar wear unusual for 14-15 year old. Macintosh wrongly linked to Homo erectus. Thorne grouped with robust Pleistocene Australians. Research finds no support for dual Pleistocene populations. Indirect date 11,650 years BP. Now fragmented in Sydney museum. Initial archaic claims refuted by multiple studies. Pleistocene Australians homogeneous with Holocene size reduction.