Lagar Velho 1 is a complete 4-year-old skeleton from Portugal dated 24,500 BP. Skeleton shows mosaic of Neanderthal and European early modern human features. Mosaic indicates hybridization between late Neanderthals and early modern humans in Iberia. Finding contradicts complete replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans. Burial includes pierced shells and red ochre. Hybrid hypothesis contested by Zollikofer who saw no Neanderthal traits. Later genetic evidence confirms Neanderthal-modern human admixture instances. Discovery supports complex biological processes in modern human emergence. Remains from early Upper Paleolithic in Iberian Peninsula. Cranium, mandible, dentition, and postcrania exhibit archaic-modern mix.