Last Glacial Maximum peaked 26,000-20,000 years ago with 6°C global cooling and 125m sea level drop.
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Ice sheets covered Northern North America, Europe, Asia at maximum extent. Global temperature averaged 6°C colder than today. Sea levels fell 125 meters exposing continental shelves. Deserts expanded worldwide with rainfall dropping up to 90% in places like Sahel and Australia. Rainforests shrank severely except in Central America and Choco. Dust levels rose 20-25 times due to dry winds and low vegetation. Southern Ocean sequestered carbon enabling LGM conditions. East Asia unglaciated due to dry anticyclones despite cold. Sahara expanded massively into Africa. Persian Gulf dried into freshwater lakes fed by Tigris-Euphrates. Southern Africa cooled 6°C with minor glaciers in mountains. Tibet, Baltistan, Ladakh hosted ice sheets. Sundaland joined Asia to Indonesia via low seas. Sahul united Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania. Europe population crashed up to 60%. Laurentide Ice Sheet buried Canada to Missouri-Ohio Rivers. Patagonia ice reached 41°S in Chile. Amazon split by savannas. AMOC weakened with colder North Atlantic SSTs by 5°C. Antarctic Circumpolar Current slowed.

North America Europe and the EU Negroes Australia South America Ecology Demographics Science Nature

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