Kow Swamp yielded partial skeletons of over 22 late Pleistocene individuals. Crania show receding frontal squama, massive supraorbital regions, and supraglabella fossae. These traits preserve almost unmodified eastern Homo erectus form. Archaic characteristics absent in recent Aboriginal crania. Remains differ from gracile Pleistocene groups at Lake Mungo and Keilor. Discoveries indicate different waves of immigrants to Australia. Radiocarbon dates range from 13,000 to 6,500 BP. OSL dating places cemetery use at 22-19 ka. Thorne's dual population model of robust and gracile lines rejected by recent analyses. Some vault shapes possibly due to artificial cranial deformation. Skeletons repatriated to Yorta Yorta people in 1990. Remains extremely fragmentary with only KS1 and KS5 relatively complete.